Appendix A. Sourcery CodeBench Lite Release Notes
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## Appendix A. Sourcery CodeBench Lite Release Notes

This appendix contains information about changes in this release of Sourcery CodeBench Lite for ARM EABI. You should read through these notes to learn about new features and bug fixes.

## A.1. Changes in Sourcery CodeBench Lite for ARM EABI

This section documents Sourcery CodeBench Lite changes for each released revision.

### A.1.1. Changes in Sourcery CodeBench Lite 2012.03-56

New Sourcery CodeBench Lite branding. Sourcery G++ has been renamed to Sourcery CodeBench. This change affects the names of the default installation directory and installer-created shortcuts, but no internal pathnames or tool names within the installation directory have been changed.

Fix for internal compiler error. A bug that caused GCC to report an internal compiler error in `push_minipool_fix` has been fixed.

Internal compiler error with NEON intrinsics. A compiler bug has been fixed that caused internal compiler errors when using certain NEON intrinsics.

Nondeterministic code generation bug fix. A GCC bug has been fixed that caused nondeterministic code generation for some input files when optimizing.

Fix for compiler hang. A bug that caused GCC to become stuck in an infinite loop in the optimizer has been fixed.

Internal compiler error. A GCC bug has been fixed that caused an internal compiler error when sign extending the result of an array subscript expression with an index greater than 255.

GCC version 4.6. Sourcery CodeBench Lite for ARM EABI is now based on GCC version 4.6. For more information about changes from GCC version 4.5 that was included in previous releases, see `http://gcc.gnu.org/gcc-4.6/changes.html`.

Fix for internal compiler error. A GCC bug has been fixed that caused an internal compiler error when using pointer casts in C++0x `constexpr` initialization expressions.

ARM VFP9-S errata workaround. A compiler workaround for ARM Errata Notice GENC-010704 (760019: Canceled FDIV or FSQRT can be executed twice) has been implemented.

Fix for bit-field optimization bug. A compiler bug that caused incorrect code to be generated for programs using bit-fields has been fixed.

GCC version 4.6.3. Sourcery CodeBench Lite for ARM EABI is now based on GCC version 4.6.3. For more information about issues that have been fixed since version 4.6.1, see `http://gcc.gnu.org/gcc-4.6/changes.html`.

Compiler crash fixed. A GCC bug that occasionally caused an internal compiler error during register allocation has been fixed.

Map file name demangling bug fix. GCC now properly passes the `--demangle` and `--no-demangle` options to the linker to control map file output. The default behavior on all hosts is now to demangle C++ names.

GCC stack usage improvement. GCC now generates better code for stack allocation in some cases when compiling with `-fno-strict-aliasing`.

ARM miscompilation fix. A bug has been fixed that caused miscompilation of some expressions involving the minimum or maximum idiom, such as `(a > 0) ? a : 0`.

Register allocation bug fix. A bug in the register allocator that caused incorrect code generation has been fixed.

Linker `--gc-sections` option bug fix. A bug has been fixed that caused the linker to incorrectly remove the `.debug_types` section when using the `--gc-sections` option.

Linker `--gc-sections` bug fix. A linker bug that incorrectly caused undefined references to be diagnosed when the `--gc-sections` option is used has been fixed.

Binutils version 2.21. Sourcery CodeBench Lite for ARM EABI is now based on binutils version 2.21.

Assembler crash. The assembler now warns when there is line information for the `*ABS*` section, rather than crash. This can occur when the `.offset` directive is used incorrectly.

Installer failure during upgrade. Some recent releases were affected by an installer bug on Windows hosts that caused installing a newer version of Sourcery CodeBench Lite into the same directory to fail with the error `Sourcery CodeBench Lite for ARM EABI upgrade failed`. This bug has now been fixed, but the affected releases cannot be upgraded. As a workaround, uninstall the older release before installing the new version.

CS3 bug fix for Xilinx Zynq-7000. A bug that caused undefined symbol errors in the CS3 library when linking programs for the Xilinx Zynq-7000 has been fixed.

Freescale i.MX53 QSB support. Sourcery CodeBench Lite now supports the Freescale i.MX53 QSB board.

Fix for crash in GDB `maint print arch`. A bug in the GDB command `maint print arch` that sometimes caused GDB to crash has been fixed.

C++ debugging bug fix. A GDB bug has been fixed that caused GDB to fail to find `enum` constants in base classes when debugging C++ code.

Fix for crash in GDB. A memory corruption bug in GDB has been fixed that under very rare circumstances made it crash or exhibit other unpredictable behavior. On GNU/Linux hosts, this bug caused crashes with an error message similar to: `*** glibc detected *** arm-none-eabi-gdb: free(): invalid next size (normal): 0x09466198 ***` followed by a backtrace.

GDB interrupt handling bug fix. A bug in GDB has been fixed that caused it to sometimes fail to interrupt lengthy single-step operations (as by a Ctrl+C when using GDB from the command line).

Fix debugger remote target interruption. A bug in GDB's handling of requests to interrupt execution on a remote target has been fixed that caused it to stop the target but not emit a stopped MI record.

Fix GDB crash during connection to debug agent. A bug has been fixed that caused GDB to crash while connecting to any debug agent through standard IO where the debug agent had detected an early error and terminated the communication.

GDB internal error fix. A bug has been fixed that caused GDB to produce messages of the form: `warning: (Internal error: pc 0x1000a0 in read in psymtab, but not in symtab.)` when taking the addresses of symbols from objects added with the `add-symbol-file` command.

Improved disassembler performance in the debugger. GDB's disassembler has been improved to use more efficient memory access on remote targets.

Fix GDB crash in debugging Thumb assembly routines. A bug in GDB has been fixed that caused a crash when debugging Thumb assembly routines that switch stacks by writing the stack pointer in the function prologue.

Debug Sprite option defaults. The Sourcery CodeBench Debug Sprite now uses default option values specified in board configuration files. Options included in the device URL override the default values.

Changes to host operating system requirements. The minimum required Microsoft Windows OS needed to run Sourcery CodeBench Lite is now Windows XP (SP1).

### A.1.2. Changes in Sourcery G++ Lite 2011.03-42

Variable Length Array (VLA) alignment bug. A compiler bug that resulted in incorrectly aligned variable length arrays (VLA) in leaf functions has been fixed.

Cortex-R5 support. Sourcery G++ now includes support for ARM Cortex-R5 processors. To compile for these processors, use `-mcpu=cortex-r5`.

Inline assembly and volatile fields. A bug has been fixed that caused the compiler to incorrectly reject inline `asm` statements referring to volatile class/struct fields with errors such as `error: output number 1 not directly addressable`.

Fixed-point arithmetic support. Experimental compiler support has been added for fixed-point arithmetic on ARM, as described in the draft ISO/IEC technical report TR 18037. Specialized instructions defined in recent architecture versions for performing saturating arithmetic, etc. are used when available, but are not a prerequisite for using the new language features. See Section 3.5, “Fixed-Point Arithmetic” for further details.

C++ constructor bug fix. A compiler bug has been fixed that caused incorrect code for C++ constructors for some class hierarchies that use virtual inheritance and include empty classes. At runtime, the incorrect constructors resulted in memory corruption or other errors.

Thumb debug information fix. A compiler bug that resulted in incorrect debug information for Thumb code has been fixed. The incorrect information prevented single stepping through some code.

Internal compiler error with pointer casting. A compiler bug has been fixed that caused internal compiler errors when accessing double-word memory locations with casted pointers under ARM mode.

Unaligned access support. The compiler now generates more efficient code for accessing packed data structures and for copying small blocks of unaligned data when targeting architectures that permit unaligned word/halfword accesses. This feature can be controlled by the `-munaligned-access` and `-mno-unaligned-access` options, and is enabled by default for ARMv6 processors and above, except for ARMv6-M.

Internal compiler error under Thumb mode. A compiler bug has been fixed that caused internal compiler errors when generating Thumb code.

Xilinx Zynq-7000 board support. Sourcery G++ Lite now includes CS3 board support for the Xilinx Zynq-7000.

Debugging M-profile targets with third-party GDB stubs. A bug in GDB has been fixed that caused the error `Remote 'g' packet reply is too long` with ARMv6-M and ARMv7-M targets. The error was reported when connecting to some third-party GDB stubs, including SEGGER GDB Server and OpenOCD, but did not affect the Sourcery G++ Debug Sprite.

### A.1.3. Changes in Sourcery G++ Lite 2011.03-13

GCC fixes for `-fstrict-volatile-bitfields`. GCC now honors `-fstrict-volatile-bitfields` when a bitfield is not declared volatile initially, but an object including bit fields is cast to volatile. Also, a bug was fixed that caused incorrect code to be generated for some stores to volatile bit fields when `-fstrict-volatile-bitfields` is enabled.

Compiler optimization improvements. The compiler has been enhanced with a number of optimization improvements, including:

- Smaller and faster code for compound conditionals.
- Removal of superfluous sign and zero extensions.
- Improved code for multiply-and-accumulate operations on ARM.
- Faster code when tuning for Cortex-M series processors.

Internal compiler error with NEON intrinsics. A compiler bug has been fixed that caused internal compiler errors when using certain NEON intrinsics.

GCC version 4.5.2. Sourcery G++ Lite for ARM EABI is now based on GCC version 4.5.2.

GCC code generation bug for casts to `volatile` types. A compiler bug has been fixed that sometimes caused incorrect code for references to pointers to types with `volatile` casts.

Incorrect optimization fix. An optimizer bug that in rare cases caused incorrect code to be generated for complex AND and OR expressions containing redundant subexpressions has been fixed.

Incorrect C++ warning fixed. A bug in GCC has been fixed that caused spurious warnings about lambda expressions in C++ code that does not use them.

GCC fixes for NEON in big-endian mode. Several compiler bugs have been fixed that could lead to incorrect code when using NEON in big-endian mode. The problems only manifested when using the auto-vectorizer (enabled by default at the `-O3` optimization level) with the `-mvectorize-with-neon-quad` option.

Incorrect code for built-in comparison functions. A bug has been fixed that sometimes caused GCC's built-in comparison functions, such as `__builtin_isgreaterequal`, to incorrectly raise exceptions when invoked on unordered floating-point arguments.

C++ exception handling. A defect in the implementation of the EH-ABI specification has been fixed. The defect affected the catching of pointer types in code generated by the ARM RealView® compiler but using the Sourcery G++ runtime libraries. The fix also retains backward compatibility with existing GCC-compiled code.

GCC bug where accesses to volatile structure fields are optimized away. A bug has been fixed where accesses to volatile fields of a structure were sometimes incorrectly optimized away if the structure instance was defined as non-volatile.

Internal compiler error fixes. Two bugs have been fixed that caused compiler crashes in rare cases. The first bug involved code with multiple comparison operations, and the second one involved `char` to `int` conversion.

Thumb-2 assembler validation fix. The assembler now correctly rejects Thumb-2 `ADD`, `ADDS`, `SUB`, and `SUBS` instructions that have an invalid shift operand. Previously, invalid shift values were accepted and generated unpredictable instructions.

Objdump fix for multiple input files. The Objdump utility did not produce correct disassembly when processing multiple input files. This has been fixed.

CS3 interrupt handlers. CS3 now provides separate ISR functions for each core processor exception, rather than aliasing them all to a single interrupt handler. This provides more useful backtrace information in the debugger.

### A.1.4. Changes in Sourcery G++ Lite 2010.09-51

GCC fix for duplicated symbols. A GCC optimizer bug that caused multiple definitions of local symbols has been fixed. Code affected by the bug was rejected by the assembler.

NEON code generation fix. A GCC bug has been fixed that resulted in an assembler error `VFP/Neon double precision register expected`.

Static data size improvement at `-Os`. When optimizing for size, the compiler no longer implicitly adds padding bytes to align static and local arrays on word boundaries. This fixes static data size regressions introduced since GCC 4.4. The additional alignment is still used when optimizing for speed.

New `-fstrict-volatile-bitfields` option. The compiler has a new option, `-fstrict-volatile-bitfields`, which forces access to a volatile structure member using the width that conforms to its type. This option is enabled by default to conform to the ARM EABI. Refer to the GCC manual for details.

Internal compiler error fixes. A bug has been fixed that caused the compiler to crash on code containing a `typedef` alias for `__builtin_va_list` with option `-femit-struct-debug-baseonly`. A second bug has been fixed that caused a crash when compiling code using C99 variable-length arrays. Additionally, a compiler crash on code using 64-bit integer multiplications with NEON vectorization enabled has also been fixed.

NEON narrowing-move instructions. The compiler now supports narrowing-move instructions when auto-vectorizing for NEON. Loops accessing arrays of `char` or `short` values are now more likely to be vectorized.

Improved support for atomic memory builtins. The compiler support for built-in atomic memory access operations on ARMv7 targets has been improved. These builtins are documented in the GCC manual.

Linker debug information fix. A bug in linker processing of debug information has been fixed. The bug sometimes prevented the Sourcery G++ debugger from displaying source code if the executable was linked with the `--gc-sections` option.

Absolute branch bug fixes. A bug that caused the assembler to crash on a branch to an absolute address has been fixed. Linker handling of the resulting relocations has also been improved. Previously this caused an invalid switch to ARM mode on ARMv7-M devices.

`VMOV` instruction bug fix. A bug that caused the assembler to incorrectly reject certain valid immediate operands for the `VMOV` instruction has been fixed.

Debugger warnings quieted. GDB no longer prints `RMT ERROR` diagnostics on connection to the Sourcery G++ Debug Sprite. In spite of the alarming appearance of the messages, they were not actually indicative of a serious problem.

### A.1.5. Changes in Sourcery G++ Lite 2010.09-22

Changes to Sourcery G++ version numbering. Sourcery G++ product and Lite toolchains now uniformly use a version numbering scheme of the form 2012.03-56. The major and minor parts of the version number, in this case 2012.03, identify the release branch, while the final component is a build number within the branch. There are also new preprocessor macros defined by the compiler for the version number components so that you may conditionalize code for Sourcery G++ or particular Sourcery G++ versions. Details are available in the Sourcery G++ Knowledge Base.

GCC fix for reference to undefined label. A bug in the optimizer that caused GCC to emit references to undefined labels has been fixed.

Precision improvement with vectorization enabled. The GCC auto-vectorizer no longer uses NEON floating-point instructions unless the `-funsafe-math-optimizations` option (implied by `-ffast-math`) is specified. This is because NEON hardware does not fully support the IEEE 754 standard for floating-point arithmetic. In particular, very small quantities may be flushed to zero.

Alignment attributes. A bug has been fixed that caused the compiler to ignore alignment attributes of C++ static member variables where the attribute was present on the definition, but not the declaration.

`naked` attribute semantics. The `naked` function attribute now also implies the `noinline` and `noclone` attributes. This fixes bugs resulting from invalid optimizations of functions with this attribute.

Stack corruption bug fix. A bug in GCC has been fixed that caused stack corruption in functions with the `interrupt` attribute.

GCC bug fix for push multiple instruction generation. A bug has been fixed that caused GCC to generate incorrect push multiple instructions, causing an assembler warning `register range not in ascending order`.

Thumb-2 internal compiler error fix. A bug has been fixed that caused the compiler to crash when compiling Thumb-2 code using 64-bit integer arithmetic.

Compiler optimization improvements. The compiler has been enhanced with a number of optimization improvements, including:

- More efficient assignment for structures containing bitfields.
- Better code for initializing C++ arrays with explicit element initializers.
- Improved logic for eliminating/combining redundant comparisons in code with nested conditionals.
- Better selection of loop variables, resulting in fewer temporaries and more efficient register usage.
- More optimization of references to globals in position-independent code.
- Various Thumb code generation improvements.
- Better code when constant addresses are used as arguments to inline assembly statements.
- Better code for copying small constant strings.
- Improved tuning for Cortex-M4 processors.
- Cortex-A9 specific tuning for VFP and NEON instructions.
- Use of more NEON features.

Preprocessor symbols for floating-point calling convention. Built-in preprocessor symbols `__ARM_PCS` and `__ARM_PCS_VFP` are now defined to indicate the current floating-point calling convention.

GCC version 4.5.1. Sourcery G++ Lite for ARM EABI is now based on GCC version 4.5.1. For more information about changes from GCC version 4.4 that was included in previous releases, see `http://gcc.gnu.org/gcc-4.5/changes.html`.

New `-Wdouble-promotion` warning option. The compiler has a new option, `-Wdouble-promotion`, which enables warnings about implicit promotions of `float` values to `double`. This option is useful when compiling code for processors (such as ARM Cortex-M4) that have hardware support for single-precision floating-point arithmetic only, where unintentional use of double precision results in dramatically slower code.

Linker bug fix. A bug that caused the linker error `relocation truncated to fit: R_ARM_THM_JUMP24` when linking some Thumb-2 applications has been fixed.

Assembler PC-relative store fix. A bug that caused the assembler to reject some valid PC-relative store instructions has been fixed. It now issues a warning instead for architectures where these instructions are deprecated.

ARMv7-A linker bug fix. A bug in the linker support for `--fix-cortex-a8`, which is enabled by default when linking ARMv7-A objects, has been fixed. Programs affected by the bug sometimes crashed with segmentation fault or illegal instruction errors.

Smaller C++ programs with `-g`. An assembler bug has been fixed that caused unnecessary references to exception-handling routines from C++ programs when debug information is enabled. For programs that do not otherwise use exceptions, this change results in smaller code size.

Additional validation in the assembler. The assembler now diagnoses an error, instead of producing an invalid object file, when directives such as `.hidden` are missing operands.

Assembler PC-relative load fix. An assembler bug that caused the assembler to reject some references to global symbols has been fixed. This bug affected Thumb instructions of the form `ldr r0, `symbol``.

Strip bug fix. A bug in the `strip` and `objcopy` utilities, which resulted in stripped object files that the linker could not recognize, has been fixed.

Binutils update. The binutils package has been updated to version 2.20.51.20100809 from the FSF trunk. This update includes numerous bug fixes.

Additional alignment in CS3-defined linker scripts. Sourcery G++ now ensures 8-byte alignment at additional points in CS3-defined linker scripts. Previously, placing a symbol in certain sections broke the initialization of the `.data` and/or `.bss` sections.

Newlib update. The Newlib package has been updated to version 1.18.0, with additions from the community CVS trunk as of 2010-08-12. This update provides additional wide-character functions, along with other bug fixes and enhancements.

`malloc` fix. A bug that sometimes caused `free` to dereference an invalid address has been fixed. The bug was caused by incorrect handling within `malloc` of calls to `sbrk` from outside of `malloc`.

Improved support for debugging RealView® C++ programs . GDB has been enhanced to handle some debug information contained in binaries produced by the ARM RealView® compiler. Formerly, GDB sometimes crashed on programs which use C++ templates. Another bug has been fixed that caused GDB to fail to place breakpoints in binaries produced by the ARM RealView® compiler when the source file location for the breakpoint was specified as an absolute pathname.

GDB update. The included version of GDB has been updated to 7.2.50.20100908. This update adds numerous bug fixes and new features, including improved C++ language support, a new command to save breakpoints to a file, a new convenience variable `$_thread` that holds the number of the current thread, among many other improvements.

GDB crash fix. A bug has been fixed that caused GDB to crash on launch if the environment variable `CYGPATH` is set to a program that does not exist or cannot be executed.

Debug Sprite abnormal termination bug fix. The Sourcery G++ Debug Sprite no longer terminates abnormally if GDB is killed while the target is waiting for semihosted I/O to complete. The bug was only triggered when running GDB on a Windows host.

Semihosting support for `gettimeofday`. The Sourcery G++ Debug Sprite now provides a semihosted implementation of the `gettimeofday` C library function.

### A.1.6. Changes in Older Releases

For information about changes in older releases of Sourcery G++ Lite for ARM EABI, please refer to the Getting Started guide packaged with those releases.

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