版本 2a6e604a279e45a577bde0a392ba9c792264e65f
Lab22: RTOS
預期目標
- 在 QEMU 模擬的 STM32 環境中,嘗試執行
FreeRTOS<http://www.freertos.org/>
_ 並且學習相關的操作- 熟悉 FreeRTOS 的內部運作機制
- 學習 memory mangement
- 實作
malloc
/free
和驗證其功能 - 搭配
Week #5</embedded/2013-w5>
_ 進度,學習 heap, stack 的規劃 - defragmentation
- 實作
FreeRTOS
The Architecture of Open Source Applications: FreeRTOS<http://www.aosabook.org/en/freertos.html>
_簡體中文翻譯<http://www.ituring.com.cn/article/4063>
_
FreeRTOS: Memory management
Memory Management<http://www.freertos.org/a00111.html>
_- The RTOS kernel allocates RAM each time a task, queue, mutex, software timer or semaphore is created. The standard C library malloc() and free() functions can sometimes be used for this purpose, but …
- they are not always available on embedded systems,
- they take up valuable code space,
- they are not thread safe, and
- they are not deterministic (the amount of time taken to execute the function will differ from call to call)
- 檢查 freertos 目錄的 Makefile,目前使用
$(FREERTOS_SRC)/portable/MemMang/heap_1.c
,可更換為heap_2.c
hack-malloc
- 簡易 malloc/free 測試程式,以亂數指定若干不同大小的 memory region,持續進行 malloc 和 free 操作
git clone git@github.com:embedded2013/hack-malloc.git
- 或
git clone git://github.com:embedded2013/hack-malloc.git
- 或
cd hack-malloc && make
./tryit
# Ctrl-C 停止輸出- 參考畫面輸出:
.. code-block:: prettyprint
tryit.c 68: try to allocate 1648 bytes
tryit.c 70: malloc returned 0x61595c
allocate a block, size 1648
tryit.c 68: try to allocate 1582 bytes
tryit.c 70: malloc returned 0x615fe8
allocate a block, size 1582
tryit.c 68: try to allocate 1037 bytes
tryit.c 70: malloc returned (nil)
free a block, size 1648
tryit.c 68: try to allocate 1815 bytes
tryit.c 70: malloc returned (nil)
free a block, size 1582
參考作業提案
- 將
hack-malloc<https://github.com/embedded2013/hack-malloc>
_ 移植回去 FreeRTOS,並且配合 `Lab 21,在 shell 中建立一個命令:mmtest
- 加分: 將
tryit
移植回去rtenv
- 加分: 將
- 修改
hack-malloc/tryit.c
的 prng (pseudorandom number generator),用 inline assembly 重寫該函式 - 提出檢驗 FreeRTOS/rtenv 中
malloc
/free
功能的方法 (需要提案描述)- 加分: defragmentation 的途徑
作業繳交方式
- 更新作業提案到共筆網站:
Lab 22 / 作業共筆<https://embedded2013.hackpad.com/Lab22-RTOS-wnRrVcPhtUU>
,需要標注自己的 ID,可參考Lab 20 / 作業共筆<https://embedded2013.hackpad.com/Lab20-GNU-Toolchain-zI6gzN3uv1c>
格式 - 在 Oct 25, 2013 前,將符合作業提案的程式碼,提交到自行 fork 的 repository
- https://github.com/embedded2013/freertos
參考資訊
FreeRTOS Implementation<http://www.freertos.org/implementation/main.html>
_ARM GCC Inline Assembler Cookbook<http://www.ethernut.de/en/documents/arm-inline-asm.html>
_Malloc implementation in FreeRTOS <http://pramode.net/fosstronics/memory-management.txt>
_