nuttx

組員

• 翁振育
• 黃亮穎
• 蘇偉嘉
• 李英碩

Nuttx 參考應用

• PX4 autopilot<http://pixhawk.org/dev/nuttx/start>_

NuttX 架構

與平台相關

Run Nuttx on STM32F429-Disco

設定相關應用程式與功能

Task Control Interfaces

• task_create : 產生一個activates的新task，並回傳系統指派的pid
• task_init : 將task的TCB初始化，但並不activate task
• task_activate : activate task，否則scheduler沒辦法執行它
• task_delete : 將task關掉，並deallocate它的TCB與stack
• task_restart : 將task的children砍掉，deallocate TCB，reset priority
• task_exit : 關掉目前在運行的task

Task state

.. image:: /task_state3.jpg

include/nuttx/sched.h

.. code-block:: c

enum tstate_e { TSTATE_TASK_INVALID = 0, /* INVALID - The TCB is uninitialized / TSTATE_TASK_PENDING, / READY_TO_RUN - Pending preemption unlock / TSTATE_TASK_READYTORUN, / READY-TO-RUN - But not running / TSTATE_TASK_RUNNING, / READY_TO_RUN - And running / TSTATE_TASK_INACTIVE, / BLOCKED - Initialized but not yet activated / TSTATE_WAIT_SEM, / BLOCKED - Waiting for a semaphore / #ifndef CONFIG_DISABLE_SIGNALS TSTATE_WAIT_SIG, / BLOCKED - Waiting for a signal / #endif #ifndef CONFIG_DISABLE_MQUEUE TSTATE_WAIT_MQNOTEMPTY, / BLOCKED - Waiting for a MQ to become not empty. / TSTATE_WAIT_MQNOTFULL, / BLOCKED - Waiting for a MQ to become not full. / #endif #ifdef CONFIG_PAGING TSTATE_WAIT_PAGEFILL, / BLOCKED - Waiting for page fill / #endif NUM_TASK_STATES / Must be last */ };

Register

.. image:: /ARM_register.jpg

Communication

| Semaphore

• sem_open：連結task與named semaphore，如果semaphore不存在，呼叫sem_init
• sem_init：初始化一個unnamed semaphore
• sem_wait：當一個task想要semaphore的時候會呼叫這個函數，它會先將counter - 1，如果counter = 0，可以執行，呼叫sem_addholder，若counter < 0，代表已經有別的task在執行，那麼它必須等待到semaphore被放出來為止
• sem_post：當一個task執行完的時候會呼叫，它會先將counter + 1，如果counter <= 0，代表有別的task還在等待，呼叫waiting list 的head
• sem_unlink：移除named semaphore，如果還有task connect to semaphore，不會作用
• sem_close：從記憶體當中將已經unlink的semaphore殺掉

| Mutex : 與semaphore用同一組資料結構，mutex處理pthread

• pthread_mutexinit：create mutex
• pthread_mutexlock： 當pthread要執行的時候會呼叫，如果thread已經hold semaphore，檢查是否是recursive，是，mutex->nlocks++，否，error。如果 thread還沒hold semaphore，呼叫pthread_takesemaphore
• pthread_mutexunlock：當pthread跑完的時候會呼叫，它會先檢查thread是否hold semaphore，再檢查是否是recursive ＆ 還有沒有別的pthread在等，若是，mutex->nlocks - -，否，呼叫post

Scheduling

include/sys/types.h

.. code-block:: c

/* HPUX-like MIN/MAX value */

#define PRIOR_RR_MIN 0 #define PRIOR_RR_MAX 255 #define PRIOR_FIFO_MIN 0 #define PRIOR_FIFO_MAX 255 #define PRIOR_OTHER_MIN 0 /* Not use / #define PRIOR_OTHER_MAX 255 / Not use */

/* Scheduling Priorities. NOTE: Only the idle task can take * the true minimum priority. */

#define SCHED_PRIORITY_MAX 255 #define SCHED_PRIORITY_DEFAULT 100 #define SCHED_PRIORITY_MIN 1 #define SCHED_PRIORITY_IDLE 0

Interrupt Handler

在nuttx/arch/arm/include/stm32/irq.h和nuttx/arch/arm/include/stm32/stm32f40xxx_irq.h中分別定義了可用的ISR name和對應的vector name

Processor Exceptions (vectors 0-15)

包括Internal和Software Interrupts，設定在nuttx/arch/arm/src/chip/stm32_irq.c:void up_irqinitialize(void)

.. code-block:: c

//nuttx/arch/arm/include/stm32/irq.h #define STM32_IRQ_RESERVED (0) /* Reserved vector (only used with CONFIG_DEBUG) / / Vector 0: Reset stack pointer value / / Vector 1: Reset (not handler as an IRQ) / #define STM32_IRQ_NMI (2) / Vector 2: Non-Maskable Interrupt (NMI) / #define STM32_IRQ_HARDFAULT (3) / Vector 3: Hard fault / #define STM32_IRQ_MEMFAULT (4) / Vector 4: Memory management (MPU) / #define STM32_IRQ_BUSFAULT (5) / Vector 5: Bus fault / #define STM32_IRQ_USAGEFAULT (6) / Vector 6: Usage fault / #define STM32_IRQ_SVCALL (11) / Vector 11: SVC call / #define STM32_IRQ_DBGMONITOR (12) / Vector 12: Debug Monitor / / Vector 13: Reserved / #define STM32_IRQ_PENDSV (14) / Vector 14: Pendable system service request / #define STM32_IRQ_SYSTICK (15) / Vector 15: System tick */

External interrupts (vectors >= 16)

外部中斷，設定在nuttx/arch/arm/src/stm32/chip/stm32f40xxx_vectors.h

.. code-block:: c

//nuttx/arch/arm/include/stm32/stm32f40xxx_irq.h #define STM32_IRQ_WWDG (STM32_IRQ_INTERRUPTS+0) /* 0: Window Watchdog interrupt / #define STM32_IRQ_PVD (STM32_IRQ_INTERRUPTS+1) / 1: PVD through EXTI Line detection interrupt / #define STM32_IRQ_TAMPER (STM32_IRQ_INTERRUPTS+2) / 2: Tamper and time stamp interrupts / #define STM32_IRQ_TIMESTAMP (STM32_IRQ_INTERRUPTS+2) / 2: Tamper and time stamp interrupts / #define STM32_IRQ_RTC_WKUP (STM32_IRQ_INTERRUPTS+3) / 3: RTC global interrupt / #define STM32_IRQ_FLASH (STM32_IRQ_INTERRUPTS+4) / 4: Flash global interrupt */ . . .

如何設定Interrupt Handler?

.. code-block:: c

//irq_attach(STM32_IRQ_SVCALL, up_svcall); //System Call

//nuttx/sched/irq_attach.c int irq_attach(int irq, xcpt_t isr) { state = irqsave(); //disables all interrupts if(isr == NULL) { up_disable_irq(irq); isr = irq_unexpected_isr; } g_irqvector[irq] = isr; //Vector Table irqrestore(state); ret = ok; }

Interrupt Handling的分層架構

1. low-level logic, arch/arm/src/armv7-m/up_exception.S, 接收Interrupt並決定IRQ number

2. That low-level logic than calls some MCU-specific, intermediate level function up_doirq(), mask and acknowledge the interrupt, dispatch, unmask

3. That MCU-specific function then calls the NuttX common interrupt dispatching logic irq_dispatch()

STM32_IRQ_SYSTICK

.. code-block:: c

//(void)irq_attach(STM32_IRQ_SYSTICK, (xcpt_t)up_timerisr); //up_exception.S -> up_doirq(int irq, uint32_t regs)-> irq_dispatch(int irq, FAR void context) -> up_timerisr(int irq, uint32_t *regs) -> sched_process_timer(void) -> sched_process_timeslice() static void sched_process_timeslice(void) { if((rtcb->flags & TCB_FLAG_ROUND_ROBIN) != 0) { if(rtcb->timeslice <= 1) { if(!rtcb->lockcount) { rtcb->timeslice = CONFIG_RR_INTERVAL/MSEC_PER_TICK; if (rtcb->flink && rtcb->flink->sched_priority >= rtcb->sched_priority) { up_reprioritize_rtr(rtcb, rtcb->sched_priority); } } } else { rtcb->timeslice–; } } }

Configuring High Priority Interrupts

How do you specify a high priority interrupt? if CONFIG_ARCH_RAMVECTORS=y, then vectors will be kept in RAM and the system will support the interface

int up_ramvec_attach(int irq, up_vector_t vector). That interface can be used to attach your C interrupt handler to the vector at run time.

.. code-block:: c

//up_vector_t g_ram_vectors[ARMV7M_VECTAB_SIZE] attribute((section(“.ram_vectors”))); //Using a RAM-based vector table //void up_ramvec_initialize(void) //Copy vectors to RAM an configure the NVIC to use the RAM vectors. int up_ramvec_attach(int irq, up_vector_t vector) //Configure the ram vector table so that IRQ number ‘irq’ will be dipatched by hardware to ‘vector’ { int ret = ERROR; if ((unsigned)irq < ARMV7M_PERIPHERAL_INTERRUPTS) { irqstate_t flags; flags = irqsave(); if (vector == NULL) { up_disable_irq(irq); vector = exception_common; } g_ram_vectors[irq] = vector; irqrestore(flags); ret = OK; } return ret; }

FPU

.. code-block:: c

up_savefpu:

add r1, r0, #(4REG_S0) / R1=Address of FP register storage */

/* Some older GNU assemblers don’t support all the newer UAL mnemonics. */

#if 1 /* Use UAL mnemonics / / Store all floating point registers. Registers are stored in numeric order, * s0, s1, … in increasing address order. */

vstmia r1!, {s0-s31} /* Save the full FP context */

/* Store the floating point control and status register. At the end of the * vstmia, r1 will point to the FPCSR storage location. */

vmrs r2, fpscr /* Fetch the FPCSR / str r2, [r1], #4 / Save the floating point control and status register / #else / Store all floating point registers */

#if 1 /* Use store multiple / fstmias r1!, {s0-s31} / Save the full FP context / #else vmov r2, r3, d0 / r2, r3 = d0 / str r2, [r1], #4 / Save S0 and S1 values / str r3, [r1], #4 vmov r2, r3, d1 / r2, r3 = d1 / str r2, [r1], #4 / Save S2 and S3 values / str r3, [r1], #4 vmov r2, r3, d2 / r2, r3 = d2 / str r2, [r1], #4 / Save S4 and S5 values / str r3, [r1], #4 vmov r2, r3, d3 / r2, r3 = d3 / str r2, [r1], #4 / Save S6 and S7 values / str r3, [r1], #4 vmov r2, r3, d4 / r2, r3 = d4 / str r2, [r1], #4 / Save S8 and S9 values / str r3, [r1], #4 vmov r2, r3, d5 / r2, r3 = d5 / str r2, [r1], #4 / Save S10 and S11 values / str r3, [r1], #4 vmov r2, r3, d6 / r2, r3 = d6 / str r2, [r1], #4 / Save S12 and S13 values / str r3, [r1], #4 vmov r2, r3, d7 / r2, r3 = d7 / str r2, [r1], #4 / Save S14 and S15 values / str r3, [r1], #4 vmov r2, r3, d8 / r2, r3 = d8 / str r2, [r1], #4 / Save S16 and S17 values / str r3, [r1], #4 vmov r2, r3, d9 / r2, r3 = d9 / str r2, [r1], #4 / Save S18 and S19 values / str r3, [r1], #4 vmov r2, r3, d10 / r2, r3 = d10 / str r2, [r1], #4 / Save S20 and S21 values / str r3, [r1], #4 vmov r2, r3, d11 / r2, r3 = d11 / str r2, [r1], #4 / Save S22 and S23 values / str r3, [r1], #4 vmov r2, r3, d12 / r2, r3 = d12 / str r2, [r1], #4 / Save S24 and S25 values / str r3, [r1], #4 vmov r2, r3, d13 / r2, r3 = d13 / str r2, [r1], #4 / Save S26 and S27 values / str r3, [r1], #4 vmov r2, r3, d14 / r2, r3 = d14 / str r2, [r1], #4 / Save S28 and S29 values / str r3, [r1], #4 vmov r2, r3, d15 / r2, r3 = d15 / str r2, [r1], #4 / Save S30 and S31 values */ str r3, [r1], #4 #endif

/* Store the floating point control and status register */

fmrx r2, fpscr /* Fetch the FPCSR / str r2, [r1], #4 / Save the floating point control and status register */ #endif bx lr

.size up_savefpu, .-up_savefpu

.. code-block:: c

up_restorefpu:

add r1, r0, #(4REG_S0) / R1=Address of FP register storage */

/* Some older GNU assemblers don’t support all the newer UAL mnemonics. */

#if 1 /* Use UAL mnemonics / / Load all floating point registers. Registers are loaded in numeric order, * s0, s1, … in increasing address order. */

vldmia r1!, {s0-s31} /* Restore the full FP context */

/* Load the floating point control and status register. At the end of the * vstmia, r1 will point to the FPCSR storage location. */

ldr r2, [r1], #4 /* Fetch the floating point control and status register / vmsr fpscr, r2 / Restore the FPCSR / #else / Load all floating point registers Registers are loaded in numeric order, * s0, s1, … in increasing address order. */

#if 1 /* Use load multiple / fldmias r1!, {s0-s31} / Restore the full FP context / #else ldr r2, [r1], #4 / Fetch S0 and S1 values / ldr r3, [r1], #4 vmov d0, r2, r3 / Save as d0 / ldr r2, [r1], #4 / Fetch S2 and S3 values / ldr r3, [r1], #4 vmov d1, r2, r3 / Save as d1 / ldr r2, [r1], #4 / Fetch S4 and S5 values / ldr r3, [r1], #4 vmov d2, r2, r3 / Save as d2 / ldr r2, [r1], #4 / Fetch S6 and S7 values / ldr r3, [r1], #4 vmov d3, r2, r3 / Save as d3 / ldr r2, [r1], #4 / Fetch S8 and S9 values / ldr r3, [r1], #4 vmov d4, r2, r3 / Save as d4 / ldr r2, [r1], #4 / Fetch S10 and S11 values / ldr r3, [r1], #4 vmov d5, r2, r3 / Save as d5 / ldr r2, [r1], #4 / Fetch S12 and S13 values / ldr r3, [r1], #4 vmov d6, r2, r3 / Save as d6 / ldr r2, [r1], #4 / Fetch S14 and S15 values / ldr r3, [r1], #4 vmov d7, r2, r3 / Save as d7 / ldr r2, [r1], #4 / Fetch S16 and S17 values / ldr r3, [r1], #4 vmov d8, r2, r3 / Save as d8 / ldr r2, [r1], #4 / Fetch S18 and S19 values / ldr r3, [r1], #4 vmov d9, r2, r3 / Save as d9 / ldr r2, [r1], #4 / Fetch S20 and S21 values / ldr r3, [r1], #4 vmov d10, r2, r3 / Save as d10 / ldr r2, [r1], #4 / Fetch S22 and S23 values / ldr r3, [r1], #4 vmov d11, r2, r3 / Save as d11 / ldr r2, [r1], #4 / Fetch S24 and S25 values / ldr r3, [r1], #4 vmov d12, r2, r3 / Save as d12 / ldr r2, [r1], #4 / Fetch S26 and S27 values / ldr r3, [r1], #4 vmov d13, r2, r3 / Save as d13 / ldr r2, [r1], #4 / Fetch S28 and S29 values / ldr r3, [r1], #4 vmov d14, r2, r3 / Save as d14 / ldr r2, [r1], #4 / Fetch S30 and S31 values / ldr r3, [r1], #4 vmov d15, r2, r3 / Save as d15 */ #endif

/* Load the floating point control and status register. r1 points t * the address of the FPCSR register. */

ldr r2, [r1], #4 /* Fetch the floating point control and status register / fmxr fpscr, r2 / Restore the FPCSR */ #endif bx lr

.size up_restorefpu, .-up_restorefpu #endif /* CONFIG_ARCH_FPU */

測試環境架設

硬體驅動原理

• UART<embedded/USART>_
• FPU (Floating Point Unit)

效能表現

參考資料

• https://github.com/deadbeefcafe/nuttx-stm32f4disc-bb
• http://bibliodigital.itcr.ac.cr/xmlui/bitstream/handle/2238/3051/FinalReport.pdf