版本 b399745d286f5395352303e0f127b025923d8162

embedded/Lab7

Changes from b399745d286f5395352303e0f127b025923d8162 to 7e4cebc2f06a2c2a115e3dd78d0f666fea7f8d29

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title: Lab7: RTOS
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預期目標
-------
- 學習 OpenOCD 的操作與擴充
- ARM Semihosting 機制的應用

ARM Semihost
------------
* 使用 ARM 所開發的目標系統 (target system)，不一定會提供所有的輸入/輸出設備。因此 ARM 設計了 semihost 這種機制，讓運行 ARM debugger 的主機可以與目標系統進行 I/O 溝通，以利產品開發
  - http://albert-oma.blogspot.tw/2012/04/semihosting.html

* Semihost 的實作是透過使用定義好的軟體中斷 (SVCs)，使程式在執行過程中產生中斷。一旦目標系統上的程式呼叫到對應的指令 (semihosting call)，便產生軟體中斷，接著 Debug Agent 就會負責處理此中斷，進行與主機的溝通
  - http://infocenter.arm.com/help/index.jsp?topic=/com.arm.doc.dui0205g/Bgbjhiea.html

* 透過模擬器執行 printf() 一類需要系統呼叫的 ARM 程式
  - sudo apt-get install qemu-user-static
  - cd Labs/Lab7
  - make factorial
  - ./factorial

* FreeRTOS extensions: https://github.com/hugovincent/mbed-freertos
  - lib/semifs.c
  - mbed (mbed.org) target supports semihosted local filesystem, accessible via the mbed USB interface. Should also work with semihosting-compatible debuggers.


OpenOCD + STM32F4
------------------
* OpenOCD 的安裝請見 `Lab-6</embedded/Lab6>`_
* ARM On-Chip Debugging demonstration: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NSVOuHToJ6c
* Beginner’s look at On-Chip Debugging: http://hackaday.com/2012/09/27/beginners-look-at-on-chip-debugging/
* Architecture and Core Commands of OpenOCD
  - http://openocd.sourceforge.net/doc/html/Architecture-and-Core-Commands.html
  - Command: arm semihosting
    + Display status of semihosting, after optionally changing that status.
    + "Semihosting allows for code executing on an ARM target to use the I/O facilities on the host computer i.e. the system where OpenOCD is running. The target application must be linked against a library implementing the ARM semihosting convention that forwards operation requests by using a special SVC instruction that is trapped at the Supervisor Call vector by OpenOCD."

作業
----
* 適度修改 Makefile 與 OpenOCD 設定檔，使 Host 端可以自動下載 ELF image 到 STM32F4-Discovery 環境中，並且執行程式，預期將輸出以下：
  - factorial(0) = 1
  - factorial(1) = 1
  - factorial(2) = 2
  - ...
  - factorial(9) = 362880

.. code-block:: prettyprint

    factorial(0) = 1
    factorial(1) = 1
    factorial(2) = 2
    ...
    factorial(9) = 362880

* ``factorial.c`` 的 printf() 呼叫，將改以 semihost 方式執行
* 評分測試方法：
  - ``make auto``